Yacht - device and basic concepts. What is a yacht and their classification What is a yacht

YACHT
Meaning:

(English). A small vessel used for recreational sea trips.

(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language." Chudinov A.N., 1910)

(English) a small vessel used for entertainment. sea ​​trips.

(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language." Pavlenkov F., 1907)

English yacht, head. jakt, Danish jagt, from him. jagen, drive, hunt. Single-deck cruiser.

(Source: "Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots." Mikhelson A.D., 1865)

a small sailing ship for sailing on the sea.

(Source: "The Complete Dictionary of Foreign Words Used in the Russian Language". Popov M., 1907)


Meaning:

(from Dutch jacht), a sailing, motor-sailing or motor vessel for water sports and pleasure trips. Sports sailing yachts are distinguished by the design of the hull, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sails, the presence of a keel or centerboard. Marine yachts are made with permanent ballast keels.

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

yacht

Meaning:

YACHTA, -s, w.

1. Large and light sports sailboat. Olympic yachts(certain types of dinghies, keel yachts, catamarans).

2. A small boat for walking, sports. Motor me.

| adj. yacht, -th, -th and yacht, th, th. Yacht keel. yacht club(yacht Club).

(cruising)

  • by drive: sailing, sail-motor and motor
  • seaworthiness: maritime and yachts for inland waters(rivers, lakes)
  • case type: classic single-hull(English) Monohull), catamarans and trimarans

    • The first mention of sports sailing yachts dates back to the 17th century. Almost all modern sailing yachts designed for tourism have an auxiliary motor (outboard motor) for maneuvering in port or moving at low speed in the absence of wind. Sailing yachts that do not have a motor are most often designed for sports.

    Sailing yachts

    Greeks, Egyptians and Phoenicians fight for superiority in creation of sailing yachts. Historians claim the appearance of the first sailing ships more than 10 thousand years ago in the waters of the Aegean Sea. Sailing yachts are vessels that use aero and hydrodynamics and are driven by the force of the wind blowing into the sails. Modern sailing yachts are often equipped with a motor.

    The hulls of the first sailing yachts were made of wood. The modern list of materials is very large. The hulls of sailing yachts are made of steel, aluminum, reinforced cement and fiberglass and other materials.

    The number of sails on sailing yachts can be different and depends on the purpose of the yacht used. Racing yachts are usually equipped with a large number of sails, on cruising yachts, the number of sails is minimal for ease of management. The biggest in the world sailing ships- Kruzenshtern and Sedov - have 34 sails each. Conventionally, sails can be divided into four types: main, front, additional and storm.

    According to their purpose, sailing yachts are divided into cruising, having comfortable cabins and designed for long-distance hiking trips; racing, having only a cockpit for the crew and not having cabins, intended for short races; as well as racing cruising, having low-comfort cabins, designed for multi-day races. According to the principle of ensuring stability, yachts are divided into keel yachts, in which the bottom goes into a ballast keel (more precisely, a false keel), which shifts the center of gravity down and prevents the yacht from drifting (drifting) when sailing; dinghies, having a centerboard (retractable keel), which only prevents demolition, and the center of gravity is changed by placing the crew on the sides of the yacht; and compromises having a ballast false keel and a retractable centerboard. There are also designs with two keels, which allow you to keep the yacht upright at low tide in shallow water. Another principle of stability is used on catamarans and trimarans. On catamarans, stability is provided by two widely spaced hulls, on trimarans - by two floats spaced on both sides of the vessel. There are yachts with more than three hulls.

    The main parts of the yacht are considered to be the hull and sailing equipment. Sailing rigging can be single-masted (sloop) and multi-masted (such as schooner, yol and ketch). Sailing weapons are divided into spars, standing and running rigging.

    A popular type of recreation on sailing yachts are regattas.

    Leading producing countries

    Motor yachts

    Famous yachts

    see also

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    Notes

    Literature

    • Lovyagin R. M.,.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
    • Der Brockhaus in 3 Banden. - Prockhaus Enzyklopädie, Bd. 2., 2004, S.259.

    An excerpt characterizing the Yacht

    Having entered the gate of a large house, where there was a lodge, and passing along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of servants, they took off their fur coats. From the hallway they went into another room. A man in strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, coming out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went up to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed robes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky put it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot at the back, painfully trapping his hair in a knot. Then he bent him to him, kissed him, and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the knotted hair, he grimaced in pain and smiled in shame at something. His huge figure, with lowered arms, with a shriveled and smiling face, followed Willarsky with unsteady, timid steps.
    After leading him ten paces, Villarsky stopped.
    “Whatever happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you are determined to join our brotherhood. (Pierre answered in the affirmative by inclining his head.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will untie your eyes,” added Villarsky; I wish you courage and success. And, shaking hands with Pierre, Villarsky went out.
    Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, put his hand up to the handkerchief, as if wishing to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour to him. His hands were swollen, his legs gave way; he seemed to be tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was both afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of how he would not show fear. He was curious to know what would become of him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was glad that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and an actively virtuous life, which he had been dreaming of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard at the door. Pierre took off his bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place a lamp was burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the gospel; that white, in which the lamp burned, was a human skull with its holes and teeth. After reading the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning there was no word and the word went to God,” Pierre went around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life completely different from the former, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to arouse in himself a feeling of tenderness, he looked around him. “God, death, love, the brotherhood of man,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
    In the weak light, which, however, Pierre had already managed to get a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently from the light entering the darkness, this man stopped; then, with cautious steps, he moved to the table and placed on it his small, leather-gloved hands.
    This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, he was wearing something like a necklace around his neck, and a high, white frill protruded from behind the necklace, fringing his oblong face, illuminated from below.
    - Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, according to the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. – Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
    At the moment the door opened and an unknown person entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a completely alien in terms of living conditions and with a loved one, in the brotherhood of people, man. Pierre, with a breath-taking heartbeat, moved towards the rhetor (that was the name in Freemasonry of a brother who prepares a seeker to join the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the one who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter a word for a long time, so the rhetor had to repeat his question.
    “Yes, I ... I ... want updates,” Pierre said with difficulty.
    “Good,” said Smolyaninov, and immediately continued: “Do you have any idea about the means by which our holy order will help you achieve your goal? ...” the rhetorician said calmly and quickly.
    “I ... I hope ... guidance ... help ... in renewal,” said Pierre with a trembling voice and difficulty in speech, which comes from excitement and from being unaccustomed to speaking Russian about abstract subjects.

    A yacht is a vessel designed for sports or tourism. There are many types of yachts. In the world of yachts, there are as many types and sizes as there are tastes and affections of people. After all, a yacht, being an object of entertainment, is often a symbol of a dream come true. And people very often dream and realize dreams in different ways.

    Classifying yachts, first of all, they should be divided into motor and sailing yachts. These are yachts from different ideological camps, from different ideas about the dream. And although both are ultimately united by one element, the sea, each of them should be discussed separately. In this article we will pay attention to the classification of sailing yachts.

    1. Purpose.

    First of all, it is worth dividing sailing yachts according to their main feature, for which they are actually built. By appointment. Since yachts are intended for two main types of entertainment: travel and racing, yachts, as a first approximation, should be divided in this way. Yachts for travel and yachts for racing. Of course, you can travel and race on both of them, but we are talking about the destination laid down by the designer. So, first of all, we divide the yachts into:

    • Yachts for travel
    Fig1. Racing yacht "Archambault 35" and regular cruising yacht of the same length - 35 feet

    Travel yachts have a strong, sometimes weighted construction. The task of the designer in this case is to provide comfort and reliability.

    Racing yachts are designed to win races. Therefore, less attention is paid to the convenience of crew accommodation and strength reserve. The designers, counting on a higher qualification of the crews, reduce the weight of the yacht, increase the voltage in its nodes in order to achieve the maximum power available. On the other hand, racing yachts are equipped with elements that expand the range of adjustments, settings, sails so that the yacht goes fast in the entire range of winds.

    2. Distance from the shore

    According to the ability of yachts to move away from the coast, yachts can be divided into those that are designed to sail near the coast, in the bay, and those that can make long autonomous voyages with a significant distance from ports of refuge. That is, yachts can be divided into:

    • Pleasure
    • coastal yachts
    • and seaworthy, that is, cruising yachts.
    Fig 2. Racing yachts: for coastal competitions and for racing on the high seas

    • Pleasure yachts have a light construction, they do not have significant supplies of water and food for the crew, navigation equipment is designed for the crew to see and know the water area for walking.
    • cruising yachts have a solid construction capable of carrying a supply of supplies (water, fuel, food, etc.). Windy rooms provide an opportunity to fully relax the team. Such yachts do not have restrictions on distance from the coast.
    • Coastal yachts(day cruiser) has limited amenities and a small supply of supplies, allowing you to spend the day on a walk near the bay.

    3. Number of buildings.

    If the width of the hull creates stability, then why not widen it as much as possible? At one time, the designers thought about this and began to design wide cases. Such housings have a high initial straightening moment. However, they have a major drawback. Such a hull has a high frictional resistance against water and poor seaworthiness. To resolve this conflict, multihull yachts were created: catamarans (two hulls) trimarans (three hulls). Despite the fact that the overturn of a multihull, unlike the overturn of a keel yacht, is a fatal event, it is impossible to put it back on an “even keel” without outside help, they are very popular. The fact is that a number of constructive measures have reduced the risk of capsizing of some multihull yachts, such as cruising yachts, to almost zero.

    Catamarans have two identical narrow long hulls, separated by such a distance as to provide greater stability. The resistance of such hulls is much less than the hulls of a conventional yacht, so a catamaran usually develops higher speeds in tailwinds than keel yachts. Cruising catamarans, on which they successfully make ocean voyages, can have a very high speed and stability.

    Trimarans have three hulls: a middle hull (wider than that of catamarans, but much narrower than that of yachts) and two spaced and slightly raised side hulls, very narrow. The side hulls are essentially floats that provide stability. When heeling, the trimaran goes on the middle hull and one of the side hulls. Trimarans were once very popular as cruising yachts. However, currently the most widely used trimarans are trailer trimarans, that is, trimarans that can be transported on a trailer behind a passenger car. Thus, according to the number of hulls, sailing yachts are divided into:

    • Single-hull
    • Multihulls (catamarans and trimarans)
    Figure 4. Monohull yacht, catamaran, trimaran.

    4. Method for creating stability for monohull yachts

    Sailing yachts use wind energy for propulsion. The wind transfers its energy to the yacht through the sails. Sails and sailing rigging in general are installed on the yacht, and under the influence of the wind (especially when it is directed to the side) tends to capsize the entire yacht. To create stability, that is, the ability of a yacht to resist capsizing, there are two main ways. First of all, with ballast, located as low as possible in the body or in a special fin (false keel). Secondly, with the help hull stability when the body itself, due to its characteristics, primarily width, creates a straightening, that is, a restoring moment.

    The first way to create stability, that is, using ballast, is used by keel yachts. Thanks to the ballast, the design of the keel yacht has a very stable stability. These yachts are very reliable, because, for example, they "forgive" many mistakes of the crew and can adapt to various wind and wave conditions. This is a real "hit" in the world of sailing yachts. The double purpose of the false keel - the placement of ballast and the creation of a hydrodynamic force that prevents drift, make these yachts, nothing less than, unique inventions of mankind.

    The second way to create stability, with the help of form stability, is used by yachts in which the hydrofoil is light, without ballast. Such a wing is called a daggerboard, and a yacht with such a wing is called a dinghy. Dingling dinghies have no ballast and can easily raise the daggerboard when approaching shallow water. They also actively use the weight of the crew itself. It is moved, depending on the wind conditions, to one place or another on a particular side of the yacht, or even taken overboard on special suspensions - trapezoids.

    There is also an intermediate option. These are the so-called yachts - "compromises". These yachts have a so-called "heavy" centerboard. That is, the ballast in such a centerboard is involved in creating stability. Its weight, however, is not enough, since the weight of the centerboard must be such that the crew can lift it quickly enough, for example, when approaching the pier. To create the necessary stability, "compromises" can also use the weight of the crew or ballast installed in the fixed, lower parts of the hull. Thus, according to the method of creating stability, monohull yachts can be divided into:

    • Keel
    • Dinghy boats
    • Compromises
    Fig 3. Keel yacht, dinghy and compromise.

    5. Body material.

    Yachts can be made from a variety of materials. The most common materials: plastic, metal, wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Wood is beautiful, wooden yachts are a real spiritual story of the owner and his crew. Metal yachts are considered one of the most durable. They are popular where conditions are most difficult, for example, where it is not uncommon to encounter ice on a walk. Plastic yachts are the most massive. Mainly due to low maintenance costs for their hulls. Also, plastic yachts can be recognized as the lightest in the case of industrial technologies.

    6. Status.

    By their purpose, or rather by their relationship between the yacht and the owner, sailing yachts are divided into charter yachts, that is, yachts intended for profit by the owner and private yachts, when the owner builds or acquires a yacht for his own use. Charter yachts usually have the maximum number of cabins that can be accommodated in a hull. Then the tenant will be able to invite more guests and reduce their yachting costs. A private yacht, as a rule, regardless of size, has no more than three cabins. One for the owner and a maximum of two for guests. The number of cabins for the crew, if the owner of the yacht intends to use one, is not limited.

    7. Sailing equipment

    Sailing weapons are very diverse. Designers are constantly improving it, using more and more new materials and technologies. Let's look at them very briefly.

    Single mast yachts:

    There are a huge number of types of sailing weapons using one mast, but only one of them, namely the Bermuda Sloop, absolutely dominates the world of single-mast yachts, moreover, perhaps even the whole world of yachts.

    Bermuda sloop. This is a type of sailing rig when, with the help of an installed mast and standing rigging, two main sails can be set. The sail in front of the mast is called the staysail. There is a huge variety of staysails. They can have different shapes and sizes. The need to have a large number of staysails is due to the fact that they are poorly regulated, adjusted for use in various wind conditions.

    In staysails, they are distinguished by the density of the material (the denser the material, the more severe conditions it is designed for) and by the size of the luff (edge) of the sail. There are staysails with a short luff that does not go beyond the mast and "Genoese" staysails, these are staysels that "go behind the mast. A second sail is attached to the mast with the luff. It is called the "mainsail". does not require a change when the wind parameters or the yacht's course change.

    There is a Bermuda sloop with "top" and "fractional" weapons. Fractional armament is called such armament of a Bermuda sloop, when the front cable that unfastens the mast (“forestay” or simply “stay”) is attached to the very top (top) of the mast

    Two-masted yachts:

    Two-masted yachts are distinguished by a huge variety of sailing equipment. We present only a few of them.


    - has a main forward mast ("Mastmast") and a much smaller aft mast ("Mizzen Mast"). Mizzen mast Yola does not create a pulling force, but only balances the yacht. This quality of the yol is in great demand in fresh weather, when the main sails are greatly reduced (“reefed”) or at anchorage, when the work of the sail standing on the mizzen-mast significantly reduces the load on the anchor.

    - in comparison with the yol, it has a mizzen mast, commensurate with the mainsail in size. Thus, mizzen ketch is involved in creating traction. This type of rig is also very practical in clear weather. It is especially loved by yacht owners who are at an advanced age, when it is no longer enough to work with one huge mast and large sails. It is already easier for them to divide the total sail area of ​​the yacht into two similar masts. In addition, this option significantly increases the overall reliability of the yacht.

    - this type of armament can be considered obsolete, since its mass use was once based on technologies that made it possible to unfasten the largest mast - the "mainsail", only in the widest part of the hull. In terms of aerodynamic efficiency, this is an illogical, one might even say wrong decision, since most of the sails on the largest mast, the main mast, start working in the wind shadow of the forward mast. The forward mast in this case is called the "fore mast". More or less armament of the "schooner" type is justified only in fair winds.

    However, if you need to style the yacht antique, which is often quite justified, or equip it in some special way, then why not! Your romantic dreams - what is not a reason for embodiment in a sailing rig!

    findings

    So, we can classify sailing yachts according to a number of parameters:

    1. Destination (racing, travel yachts)
    2. Ability to move away from the coast (walking, cruising)
    3. Number of buildings (single-hull, multi-hull)
    4. Status (charter - private)
    5. Housing material (plastic, wood, metal, reinforced cement)
    6. Sailing rig (Bermuda sloop, yol, ketch, schooner, etc.)
    7. And monohull yachts can be divided according to the method of creating a leveling moment (keel, dinghies, compromises). Considering that this is not a complete list, therefore, from the whole variety of yachts, you can always choose or design a yacht that most closely matches your request.

    A yacht is a vessel with slanting sails. Ships of this type range from mastless at 40 knots to a gigantic cruise ship several stories high and costing hundreds of millions of dollars to a humble single-masted vessel. So what is a yacht? According to modern ideas, a yacht is a vessel on which you can play sports or use it for tourism and recreation purposes.

    Such ships are divided into many varieties based on their size, mode of movement or the material from which the ship is made. Modern yachts are no longer made the old fashioned way - from wood. For their production, the latest materials are now used: in particular, heavy-duty plastics. Yachts are vessels equipped with everything necessary for autonomous navigation: water desalinators, satellite navigators, radio stations and safety equipment.

    According to the method of movement, sailing, motor and sail-motor ships of this type are distinguished.

    Sailing yachts

    They consist of a hull and sail equipment. All they need to navigate the waters is a fair wind and a competent helmsman. It is clear that a sailing yacht will not be able to compete in speed with a motor yacht, and the wind direction is not always favorable. However, this is historically the first type of yacht, these yachts are still popular. They are cheaper than motor and sail-motor counterparts. However, they do not have any restrictions on fuel reserves, so the whole world is open to them.

    Sailing ships, in turn, are divided into cruising and racing. The basis for this division is the purpose of the vessel, the design of its hull and sailing equipment.

    Racing yachts of this type are intended for sailing regattas in limited sea or river areas. They are light enough, do not have a solid margin of safety and special amenities. Cruising yachts are vessels with a solid construction, a wide range of amenities, because they are designed for long autonomous cruising away from the bases.

    Sailing and motor yachts

    The combination of propulsion and sails is a conscious choice of many people who are in love with sea travel. It is clear that the engine plays a secondary role in this layout, and in the presence of wind, of course, sails will be used first. However, it will undoubtedly come in handy when sailing in difficult weather conditions or for maneuvers in absolute calm.

    From a logistical point of view, this type of vessel will already need some fuel reserves, but compared to the requirements for motor yachts, these reserves may be negligible. Still, the sail will come first.

    Motor yachts

    Having one or two internal combustion engines, motor ships develop speeds unattainable for sailing ships. Moreover, the engine on board is also increased comfort. And thanks to the presence of a motor on the ship, it is possible to place many life support systems. These yachts can be of various sizes, reaching several tens of meters in length. They may have air-conditioned cabins and saloons on board. They are mobile, able to swim in shallow water and completely independent of weather conditions. The cost of such vessels is much higher and can reach astronomical sums. It is also worth forgetting about the price of fuel and its high costs.

    The sizes of such ships

    There is a clear division of yachts according to the size of the hull. Vessels up to 10 meters long are mainly used for small trips over short distances. They have modest cabins and a limited list of amenities on board.
    Vessels from 10 to 18 meters are the most in demand all over the world. These yachts allow you to move over considerable distances, to make exits to the open sea. As a rule, they have an appropriate level of comfort.
    Ships up to 24 meters have an increased level of comfort. On board, it is possible to place many additional systems and devices. However, it is impossible to cope with their management on their own. A small and experienced team is required.

    Vessels over 24 meters are considered extra-class yachts. Swimming on them in terms of convenience is comparable to staying in hotels of the highest category. For the comfort of their owners, such ships are equipped with swimming pools, mini-golf courses, saunas and hot tubs, and helicopter platforms. And the number of team members and attendants they can reach two dozen people.

    These yachts are also classified according to the hull design. The main options are: traditional monohull, catamaran, trimaran. As can be seen from the names, the number of hulls for such vessels can reach three (for a trimaran).
    The advantages of a hull consisting of several parts: higher stability of the vessel, a large usable area and, accordingly, more opportunities for accommodation of amenities.

    The disadvantage is the deterioration of controllability in difficult weather conditions.

    Rest on a yacht is not a cheap pleasure. Everyone dreams of having such an island of salvation, where you can sail away from everyday problems and just relax. But such a hobby, in addition to large material costs and time, also requires considerable skills. Without knowledge of the structure of the yacht, you will not sail far. Sailors are quite resourceful people. They came up with their own name for each element. Therefore, it is also necessary to familiarize yourself with special terminology. This article contains many useful information on the arrangement of the yacht and other important points.

    Characteristics

    Swimming aids must be different from each other. Yacht classes are determined depending on what characteristics they have. They can differ significantly from each other. The most significant characteristics can be considered:

    • Length. The driving characteristics of the vessel depend on it. The longer it is, the faster it can move. This is especially true for sports yachts.
    • Width. This factor affects speed and stability. The wider the ship, the calmer it behaves on the water and moves more slowly (due to the high resistance of the water). Wide yachts are usually made for sea and ocean trips, as high waves can occur in such places.
    • draft. Yachts with a small draft maneuver worse. They also have less stability - the ability to resist roll and return to their former position.
    • board height. It is important for those swimming facilities that go to sea. The higher the board, the bigger waves it can withstand.
    • Displacement. Yachts with a higher rating are better at handling adverse weather conditions, but due to their heaviness, they are less manoeuvrable.
    • windage. Affects movement speed. The higher it is, the more the ship receives energy from the wind, so it moves faster.

    Classification by the presence of a sail

    Yachts differ from each other in several ways. The main thing is the presence or absence of a sail. If it is not there, then such a yacht moves due to the engine and is called a motor yacht. There is something else in between. Such a yacht has a sail, but in which case it can use the additional power of the engine.

    By appointment

    They are divided into racing and cruising. The first type is for sports. They must meet certain standards. Their main characteristics are windage and weight. The maximum possible speed depends on this. This yacht has nothing superfluous. Therefore, you can hardly call it comfortable. Racing models are only needed to overcome distances at maximum speed.

    Cruising yachts are a completely different matter. They are designed for walking with great comfort. They are equipped with everything you need to have a nice rest. Cruiser yachts can accommodate quite a lot of people. You can live on it for more than one day. Modern ships equipped with a powerful motor can develop good speed. So on such models, too, you can ride with the breeze.

    For long round-the-world trips, racing-cruising yachts are best suited. They have a minimum set in order to be able to survive in the sea. In addition, they are quite fast. It is on such yachts that the Volvo Ocean Race, the famous round-the-world race, is held.

    By seaworthiness

    Also classified by where the ships sail. There are sea and river yachts. They differ from each other in design. Vessels designed for movement at sea must be more resistant to external influences, as there are severe storms. Therefore, their design is usually wider, and the draft is greater than that of freshwater yachts. The latter do not need such good stability.

    By hull type

    Standard models are single hulls. But besides them there are also catamarans and trimarans. The latter have their own qualities that help with long voyages.

    Yacht design

    The main part of each swimming facility is the hull. It is divided into 3 parts:

    • Nasal.
    • Midel.
    • stern.

    One of the important parts of the hull is the keel. There is always a bulb at its end. This is a special thickening where the main weight of the keel is located. It is needed so that the center of gravity is as low as possible. So the ship becomes more stable. The larger and heavier the keel, the better the yacht copes with external influences. You should never forget about him, because they can run aground.

    Also under water, in addition to the keel, there is also a rudder feather. This is an important element of the design of the yacht, because it is controlled with the help of it. The steering wheel itself is connected to the baller and the rudder head. Through them, the force is transmitted to the rudder blade, and the yacht turns.

    Upper body

    The first thing people pay attention to is called the deck of the yacht. This is such a horizontal surface that delimits the upper and inner space. There may be several. Their task is to divide the space inside the yacht. There are several types: residential, battery, cargo deck. Each can be designed for different purposes.

    The upper deck must completely cover the entire upper part of the yacht. It serves as a waterproof barrier. It is important for the strength of the ship. There are a lot of important elements of the yacht's device on the deck. You should also familiarize yourself with them.

    At the very beginning is the nose rail. This is one of the fencing elements present on the yacht. It is a rigid structure made of metal. Handrails run from it along the entire hull. This is also an element of the fence. But only they are made of iron cable. During a storm, insurance is usually attached to them. It all ends with a stern railing.

    There are hatches on the deck. They lead inside the yacht. Through them you can get to the lower deck. In strong winds and waves, they are pulled up, so water cannot get inside.

    The large superstructure, which can be immediately noticed, is called the cabin. There are various instruments that make up the ship's control and navigation system. For a good view, portholes are installed there.

    The deck is just the top of the ship. And the place where people walk is called potopchina. It is usually made of wood or metal. Often it is covered with a special non-slip coating.

    One of the most important places in the upper part of the hull is the cockpit. People get here as soon as they climb the ladder on board. This is where the passengers and crew are. There is also a helmsman's post along with the steering wheel.

    Sailing armament

    Thanks to this device, the yacht can move only on the strength of the wind and without the help of a motor. There are a lot of little things and other nuances here. The device of a sailing yacht is quite complicated. Therefore, it must be well understood. This system consists of several parts:

    • Sails.
    • Spars.
    • Rigging.

    The Bermuda type is usually used. This is when two triangular sails are attached in front and behind. They are called staysail and mainsail. The main element of the device of a sailing yacht is the mast. This is a system that together creates the frame and base of the anchorage for the sails. One of the parts of the spars is the mast. It also includes sheets, spreaders, a boom and more. The top of the mast is called the top. The lower one, in turn, is spurred. It ends in the keel of the ship and rests on the steps.

    Rigging is all the gear that is attached to the spars. Thanks to them, sails are controlled. Among them there are elements moving and standing (which are simply fixed).

    Motor yachts

    This type of watercraft does not have sailing equipment. They move using the energy of the engines. This type of yacht is the most expensive. It is intended for the elite. And it's not just that. Motor yachts have some positive aspects that make them more attractive.

    The first thing I would like to note is the speed. Still, the power of the engine is much greater than that of the wind. Therefore, such models will be faster. If you need to quickly overcome a long distance on the water or just ride "with the breeze", then motor boats will be preferable. Modern yachts can reach speeds of up to 40 nautical miles per hour. Pretty good if you consider that it's about 70 kilometers per hour.

    Motor yachts are rented or bought by VIPs. Therefore, most often they go together with professional staff who guarantee quality service and safety on the yacht.

    Another plus is the comfort, which is inherent only in this class. Yachts with engines most often have special stabilizers that prevent the ship from rocking so much. And this means that pitching will not be so noticeable.

    Mega yachts

    Man has always strived for more. Yachts are no exception. With their desire, the engineers were able to create mega-yachts. Every year, such vessels are awarded the Neptune Prize. To get into it, they must be at least 30 meters long.

    The largest yacht bears the proud name "Azzam". It has a length of 180 meters. Its cost is 609 million dollars. Despite her colossal size, she can travel at speeds of up to 30 knots. And this is a lot for such a hulk.

    Before Azzam was created, the Eclipse yacht of the famous entrepreneur Roman Abramovich was 162.5 meters in size. It cost the owner nearly $800 million. This is one of the most expensive yachts in the world.

    The third place in the list is occupied by "Dubai". Its length is 160 meters, and the price is 350 million dollars.

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