Sailing ships - types. Names of sea sailing ships Brigantine raises sails
Here is a list of ship names from the nautical directory that fit the definition of "sea sailing vessel":
Barque- a sea sailing vessel having from 3 to 5 masts, with slanting sails on the aft mast (mizzen mast) and straight on the rest.
Longboat- 12- and 22-oar ship's boat with sailing equipment, used to transport people, cargo and deliver anchors.
Barquentine(schooner-bark) - a sea sailing vessel with at least 3 masts with oblique sailing weapons and a front mast (fore mast) carrying direct sails.
Bot- a small single-masted sailing vessel, often with an engine.
Brig- marine sailing two-masted vessel with direct armament on both masts.
Brig "Mercury"
Brigantine- sea sailing two-masted vessel with direct armament on the front mast (fore mast) and oblique on the back (main mast).
Galion- this is the name of a large sailing warship of Portugal and Spain in the Middle Ages.
galleon "Golden Hind" - the legendary galleon of Francis Drake
Galliot- the name of a type of cargo sailing ship from the Middle Ages.
galliot "Eagle"
Clipper- a high-speed sailing vessel of the 19th century, with sharp hull lines and developed windage.
Clipper "Thermopylae"
Corvette- 1. The smallest three-masted ship in the sailing navy, with full direct armament, carrying up to 30 guns located only on the upper deck. Since the 40s of the last century, in addition to sails, they began to have steam engines; 2. A modern patrol ship carrying escort service for the protection of merchant ships.
Battleship(Linear ship) - 1. A large sea sailing vessel, intended for artillery combat in the wake formation, that is, stretched out in line; 2. A modern warship carrying large-caliber guns and protected by powerful armor (battleship).
Battleship "Twelve Apostles"
packet boat- this is the name of a marine sailing or sailing-propeller vessel designed to transport passengers and urgent mail between the ports of Europe and America.
Packet boats "St. Peter" and "St. Paul"
Gusto(shmak) - a small seaworthy sailing fishing vessel.
Frigate- a three-masted naval ship of the military sailing fleet, armed with guns (up to 60), located in two rows in height in one closed and on the upper deck.
Sloop- 1. A three-masted warship with direct armament, similar to a corvette; 2. Single-masted sailing vessel with two sails (mainly sports); 3. Low-speed patrol ship for the protection of transport caravans in some modern foreign fleets.
Schooner- this is the name of a sea sailing vessel with two or more masts armed with slanting sails.
schooner «Belle Poule»
Skiff- a small rowing and sailing boat with one or two pairs of oars.
A mast is a structure that stands vertically on a ship and is supported by shrouds. It is a component of the sailing equipment of yachts and ships (sailboats). There are ships with straight and oblique types of sails. There are the following ships with oblique sails 3 letters:
- Iol is a relatively small two-masted ship with slanting sails.
- A brigantine is a two-masted vessel with a slanting sail.
- Ketch is a sailing vessel with two masts with slanting sails.
Types of a two-masted sailing ship with slanting sails
- Iol is an oblique type of sailing rig. So, a two-masted vessel is equipped with a main mast located in the front of the vessel, and a mizzen mast, which is located in the rear of it. The mizzen area from the total sailing equipment of the ship is equal to 8-10%. Until a certain time, this type of ship was used in the North Sea, while it was not necessarily equipped with an iol.
- Ketch is a type of two-masted sailboat. This type of vessel also has a mainmast and a mizzenmast. To the question of how to distinguish iol from ketch, the answer is quite easy to give. In a ketch, the head of the rudder stock is behind the mizzen mast. If the ship is armed with ketch, the rear mast area must be at least 15% of the ship's area. The same name is given to a sailing ship, which since the 19th century began to be armed with ketch. According to certain features, a characteristic is added to the name, for example, the Baltic ketch.
- A brigantine is a two-masted ship armed with mixed sailing equipment, that is, straight sails are located on the former part of the ship, and oblique sails on the back. Interestingly, from the very beginning, the brigantines were set in motion with the help of oars. In the 16-19 centuries, two-masted sailing ships were used by pirates and robbers, hence the name - brigantine, translated from Italian, means "pirate". The brigantine was armed with at least twenty guns.
To date, the brigantines are equipped with a foremast mainmast with slanting sails.
What are the masts of a sailing two-masted vessel
In ancient times, masts were made from solid wood, which was set up as a pole and attached to the deck nest. The mast was supported by stretch marks - stays and shrouds.
Naturally, with an increase in the number of sails, the mast should be more complicated. So, at the time of the invention of the heat engine, it began to resemble a tripod, an openwork or hollow metal tower in shape. It is important to know that the top of the mast is called the top, and the bottom is called the spur. The part connecting the mast to the base of the ship was called the lower mast. Since the ancient masts were made from a whole tree trunk, they were called single-pole masts.
To build a mast, fir, pine, and other resinous woods were often used. Preference was given to these particular breeds because of their lightness.
Of course, today on sailboats (including sailing yachts) wood is no longer used to build a mast. The same light, but artificial materials are used. For example, plastics, metals with a hollow structure, etc.
Starting to engage in shipping business, you should pay attention to a number of factors. Initially, you need to contact maritime dictionary, because even if you walk with the captain, you will want to understand the commands that he gives. So, in the early stages, this will be enough. If you are chartering a yacht for a party or a romantic outing, you should remember that in the event of a disaster, navigational knowledge will also come in handy.
Currently, a ship is called a warship. Tankers, bulk carriers, dry cargo ships, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once, at the dawn of shipping, when humanity was still filling the white spaces on the sailing directions with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailboat was considered a ship. On board each of them were guns, and the team consisted of desperate fellows, ready to do anything for the sake of profit and romance of distant wanderings. Then, in these troubled centuries, there was a division into types of ships. The list, taking into account modern additions, would be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe some rowboats can be added.
galleys
Getting on them is an unenviable share. Such a punishment in ancient times awaited inveterate criminals. And in ancient Egypt, and in Finland, and in Hellas they already were. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. Those same convicts served as the main driving force, but they were sometimes assisted by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. According to modern concepts, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and the length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those days the size of the ships was not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of the galleys is represented by ballistae and bow rams; in later centuries, these weapons were supplemented by artillery. The move, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.
barks
So, a bark (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word "bark") is a ship with three to five masts. All of her sails are straight, with the exception of the oblique rigging of the mizzen (stern mast). Barks - the ships are quite large, for example, the Kruzenshtern has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 meters, a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, its design also includes an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded at two constant steps. Even today the speed of the ship does not seem low; under sail, the speed of this barge reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, is common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - the delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers along sea lines.
The brigantine raises the sails
In fact, the same barges, but with two masts, are called brigantines. All differ in their purpose and navigable qualities. Brigantines stand out for their speed and lightness. Sailing equipment is mixed, on the fore (front mast) the sails are straight, and on the mainsail oblique. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. Historical sources mention brigantines with the so-called "Bermuda grotto", that is, a triangular sail stretched between the lyktros and the luff, but none of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.
Frigates
As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others took on a different meaning. A frigate is an example. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In the original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. To the word "frigate" starting with XVII century for a long time, the adjective "Dunkirk" was added, meaning the predominant use in a separate zone of the maritime theater of operations adjacent to the Pas de Calais. This type was fast. Then, as the radius of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. Displacement - average for that time, approximately The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on it in 1855 a glorious expedition was undertaken to the shores of East Asia under the command of Admiral E.V. Putyatin.
caravels
“She passed like a caravel ...” - is sung in a famous pop song. It is not harmful to study the types of sailing ships before writing lyrics for future hits. The compliment turned out to be somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared with a lifting, large and rather heavy vessel. In addition, the nose of the caravel is turned up high, which can also be seen as an undesirable hint.
However, basically this type, of course, has good seaworthiness. He is most famous for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World precisely on three caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina). Outwardly, they can be distinguished by the mentioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by sailing equipment. There are three masts, with straight foresails, and the rest with latin (oblique) sails.
Appointment - distant sea and transoceanic campaigns.
From the word "caravel" morphologically comes the Russian word "ship". It gave the name to the famous French passenger airliner, very beautiful.
Clippers
For fast navigation, all types of ships are created, they are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word "cruiser", and then everyone around will think something - some "Aurora", others "Varyag". As for clippers, there is only one option - “Cutty Sark”. This vessel with a long and narrow hull has gone down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was its speed. It was the lot of clippers and their crews to deliver tea from China, quickly bring mail to distant colonies, and carry out especially delicate tasks for the queen. And these ships did their work until the very appearance of steamships, and in some cases even later.
galleons
Going through the old types of warships, one cannot help but recall the Great Armada, which competed with the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. Not a single sailing ship of that time could compare in perfection with it. At its core, this is an improved caravel, with a reduced superstructure of the tank (that very “upturned nose” has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, the old Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced wave resistance and, as a result, increased speed. Maneuverability has also improved. Other types of warships of the 16th century looked shorter and too high next to the galleon (this was a disadvantage, it was easier to hit such a target). The outlines of the poop (stern superstructure) acquired a rectangular shape, and the crew conditions became more comfortable. It was on the galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of the word.
The displacement of these "battleships of the 16th century" ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, they were decorated with skillful carvings, and the nose was crowned with a majestic sculpture.
Schooners
There are types of large ships that have become "workhorses" designed to carry a wide variety of goods. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, distinguished by the fact that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with slanting sails. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the line between a two-masted brahmsel or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. He reached the greatest distribution in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, with his team hunts for it on a schooner. Compared to it, other types of ships are more difficult to manage (According to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A peculiar record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts was launched (Thomas Double Lawson, Quincy shipyard).
Other types of ships
Photos of sailboats that arrived at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on website pages. Such a parade is always an event, the beauty of these ships is incomparable with anything. Barges, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, keches, yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer into the past centuries, full of adventures and romance of distant wanderings. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, as they say in many countries, including ours. Having climbed up the shrouds, unfolded the sails and breathed in the free wind of the sea, you can take your seats at the modern control panels of bulk carriers, bulk carrier tankers and cruise liners. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers, he will not let you down.
Designed for placement, maintenance, repair, takeoff and landing of aircraft
Air transport- a special vessel designed to transport aviation equipment, but unlike an aircraft carrier, not adapted for takeoff and landing of aircraft or helicopters.
car carrier- a specialized dry-cargo vessel for transporting cars.
cable ship (cable layer) - a vessel for laying, repairing and maintaining sea and ocean communication lines and power transmission.
cable ship (capstan) - a self-propelled river vessel, common in the 19th century on the Volga.
Coaster- a vessel engaged in coastal transportation.
Camara- the Greek name for a small, narrow, light boat of the peoples of the Eastern Black Sea region in antiquity.
Karakora, corocora- sailing and rowing vessel of the Moluccas.
Privateer- a vessel engaged in privateering.
Kapudana- the flagship (hard labor) of the Turkish Kapdan Pasha.
Kleper- a small northern sea vessel of the schooner type, but smaller (length 12-15 m, width 3.5-5 m, draft 1.2-2 m, carrying capacity 15-20 tons). It had 1-2 masts with 1 yard and gaff sails. Due to the long hull with smooth contours, it had good seaworthiness. Another meaning is a type of folding kayak.
Goat- a rowing fishing boat, common in the Black and Azov Seas. .
Komyaga - 1. Cargo-passenger sailing and rowing vessel of the 17th century on the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the Crimea, with a capacity of 85-90 people. 2. A small fishing boat of the 17th-18th centuries on the Crimean coast. 3. A barge used as a ferry on the Don.
Kochmar, kochmora- a large sailing single-masted boat of Pomors, used for fishing or transport purposes.
Luger- a small three-masted warship of the first half of the 19th century. armed with 10-16 guns. Used for messenger service.
M
Score- floating warehouse.
Multihull- a vessel, ship or boat, consisting of more than one displacement hull. Two- and three-hull vessels have been studied and are being used. Double-hulled ships include a catamaran (see), duplus (see), trisec (see), proa (see). Three-hulled ships or ships include a ship with outriggers (see), trimaran (see), tricor (see). All types of multihull ships are distinguished by an increased deck area (and internal volume of structures), a simple provision of lateral stability, to some extent better seaworthiness, increased unsinkability and navigation safety. Multihull ships are most effective for carrying passengers in saloons or cabins, wheeled vehicles, light containers, for accommodating scientific laboratories and combat posts of surface ships. Double-hulled ships are widely used, the use of ships and ships with outriggers has begun. A four-hull vessel with a small waterline area was built, five-hull ships and vessels were proposed.
Monitor- Armored tower ship of coastal defense with a small draft. Displacement of monitors: marine - up to 8000 tons, river - up to 1900 tons. Armament: 2-3 large-caliber guns (up to 381 mm). Received a model name for the name of the first ship of this class "Monitor", built in the USA in 1861-62.
H
Nave- an old sailing ship, which, as it developed in the 16th century, became a large ship with direct sails and strong artillery weapons; prototype of sailing ships.
O
P
Steam frigate- a warship of the transitional period from a sailing to a steam fleet, which had sails and a steam engine as an engine.
packet boat- a two-masted sailing ship for carrying mail and carrying a messenger service. Displacement 200-400 tons, armament from 12 to 16 guns.
Pinasse- a three-masted ship of the XVII-XVIII centuries.
Pink- a sailing commercial vessel in Northern Europe with a capacity of about 200 tons. In the 18th century, kicks were used as military ships on the Baltic Sea.
Pontoon- flat-bottomed barge with high sides; used for intermediate supports of floating bridges. Scaffold bridges are convenient in that they can be taken to the sides at any time to free up part or the entire width of the river.
Pontoon(from lat. ponto- bridge on boats) - a floating structure for maintaining various devices on the water due to its own buoyancy reserve.
Pram- flat-bottomed artillery sailing vessel of the 18th century. Armament from 18 to 38 guns was used for actions in shallow water, along the coast and in rivers against fortresses and coastal fortifications.
Proa- a double-hull vessel, consisting of a larger central hull and a smaller additional one, also called an "outrigger".
R
refrigerated ship- a cargo ship of a special construction, equipped with refrigeration units for the transportation of perishable goods.
papyrus boat
An ancient Egyptian papyrus ship, one of the oldest in the world.
At first, it was just a papyrus raft, and by about 3500 BC. e. it was already a ship. It was used almost exclusively for navigation on the Nile. Her bow and stern were specially raised to make it easier to drag through the shallows. But, having provided for the possibility of raising the bow and stern even higher with the help of cables, the Egyptians eventually began to go out to sea on these ships.
Egyptian sailboats were built by tying papyrus bundles, and the thickest of them were located outside. The sail was square, linen or papyrus. He kept on two yards connected into one long one, which was attached to a two-legged mast. When going down the Nile, the wind was always contrary, and when going up, you had to overcome the current, so the sail was useful. Rafts and vessels of this type are used in East Africa, the Persian Gulf and South America to this day.
Thor Heyerdahl's expeditions on papyrus boats "Ra" (1969) and "Ra-2" (1970) showed that papyrus can withstand two months of sailing at sea. True, "Ra" sank earlier, but this was due to the great excitement at sea and the fact that the crew did not pull up the gear that controls the bend of the stern. On the Ra-2, the stern was pulled up quite high from the very beginning of the voyage. "Ra-2" sailed from Safi and two months later, having crossed the Atlantic Ocean, reached Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados. Structurally, "Ra-2" was built from short packs of papyrus. Long strands absorb water much less. "Ra-2" was built by the Bolivian Aymara Indians living on Lake Titicaca. Since ancient times they still sail on such reed ships, calling them totoras.
Papyrus boat "Ra-II" (Kon-Tiki Museum, Oslo, Norway)
Solar Egyptian boats
Two full-sized rowboats sealed in caches at the foot of the pyramid of Cheops more than 4.5 thousand years ago (about 2550 BC).
First rook
In May 1954, during the cleaning of the territory from the fragments of stones near the pyramid of Cheops, a hermetically sealed triangular underground chamber was discovered. Its ceiling was formed by 40 heavy limestone slabs. After the extreme northern slabs were raised, on which the cartouche of Pharaoh Djedefre, the son of Cheops, was depicted, a large wooden boat, disassembled into 1224 parts, was found in the pit.
The royal boat was made of Lebanese cedar and was 43.3 meters long and 5.6 meters wide. The low draft (only 1.5 m) allowed her to navigate the river. There were 2 cabins on the boat: in the middle of the hull, about 9 m, and on the bow. The boat moved with the help of 10 pairs of oars. A small number of pieces were made from Egyptian locust, suggesting repair of broken pieces.
The assembly process lasted 10 years, only wooden stakes and edges were used, no nails or metal fixtures. The assembled boat in 1971 was placed in a special hangar - the Solar Boat Museum in Giza (English), not far from her burial place.
Traces of its exploitation (river silt on ropes) have been preserved on the boat: it is possible that Khufu's body was transported from Memphis to Giza on it, or the pharaoh used the ship to visit temples along the banks of the Nile. “Solar boats” also had a symbolic meaning: in the afterlife, the pharaoh could swim in it across the heavenly surface together with the sun god Ra.
Second rook
The existence of a second chamber next to the first became known as early as the 1950s. The Egyptian Society for the Study of Antiquities decided not to open it. In 1987, using an underground radar developed in conjunction with the National Geographic Society, a study of the chamber was carried out. It showed the presence of a second boat, smaller and in a much worse condition.
In 2008, Waseda University allocated $10 million to excavate the second dismantled boat. In 2011, fragments of the vessel began to be raised to the surface. It is assumed that after the restoration, the second boat will replace the first in the museum near the pyramid, and the first will take its place in the exposition of the Great Egyptian Museum.
Drakkar
(Norwegian Drakkar, from the Old Norse Drage - "dragon" and Kar - "ship", literally - "dragon ship") - this is how the wooden Viking ship is called today, long and narrow, with a high bow and stern. Hence another name for such a vessel is “long ship” (Langskip). It is generally accepted that the drakkar is a "big long ship." In Europe, it is also called Draka / Dreka. The spelling of the word may vary depending on the language.
Oseberg ship, bow (Drakkar Museum, Oslo).
"Overseas guests", Nicholas Roerich, 1901, Tretyakov Gallery.
Ship
Ships historically called large warships or generally all ships.
At present, the division is widespread: the ship is military, the ship is civilian.
Ships of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th ranks
In the days of the sailing fleet, ships were divided into ranks by the number of guns mounted on them and / or by their displacement.
In the vast majority of cases, the ships were wooden sailboats and carried about 40-100 various guns.
Battleship
In the days of the sailing fleet, linear ships were called the largest and most armed ships that were created specifically for linear combat and capable of withstanding any enemy ships in a firefight.
Often had more than a hundred guns.
Frigate
Initially, a sailing ship, usually a three-masted ship, was called a frigate.
It differed from battleships in its smaller size and fewer guns on board (about 20-45).
Frigates could operate both as part of battle fleets and independently.
Fifth-rank frigate with one deck and an open battery behind the bulwark. XVII-XVIII centuries
Nadezhda is a three-masted training ship (a ship with full sailing equipment, listed as a frigate in the register).
Currently, it belongs to the Federal State Unitary Enterprise of the Far Eastern Basin Branch "Rosmorport". IMO 8811986, callsign UABA.
Fifth sailing training ship of the Druzhba class.
Karakka
(Italian Carassa, Spanish Carraca) - a large sailing ship of the 15th-16th centuries, common throughout Europe. It was distinguished by exceptionally good seaworthiness for those times, which is the reason for the active use of karakk for swimming in the oceans in the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries.
Karakka. Fragment of the painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder "The Fall of Icarus". 1558
A modern copy of the Magellanic Carrack "Victoria"
Corvette
Historically, a three-masted sailing ship was called a corvette, inferior in size and armament to frigates, and carrying about 15-30 guns.
Usually used for intelligence or courier service.
French steam corvette Dupleix (1856-1887)
Shnyava
Shnyavs are relatively small two-masted ships that carried 10-20 guns. They had straight sails and a bowsprit, staysail and jib. They were distributed in the northern countries in the XVII-XIX centuries.
Schnau-Takelage, "Architectura Navalis Mercatoria", 1768
Brig
A two-masted vessel with a straight rig foremast and mainmast and one slanting gaff sail on the grotto
Brig Endymion
Brigantine (schooner brig)
(Italian brigantino - schooner brig, brigantina - mizzen) - a two-masted sailing vessel with mixed sailing weapons - straight sails on the front mast (fore mast) and oblique on the back (main mast). Initially, the brigantines were equipped with oars.
Brigantine Asgard II (Ireland)
Barkentina (schooner-bark)
Three-five-masted (sometimes six-masted) sea sailing vessel with slanting sails on all masts, except for the bow (foremast), which carries direct sails.
Barkentin "Mercator"
Barkentina "Sirius", after decommissioning, converted into a restaurant "Kronverk", Leningrad, Kronverksky Strait, 1984.
Galleon
(Spanish galeón, also galion, from French galion) - a large multi-deck sailing ship of the 16th-18th centuries with fairly strong artillery weapons, used as a military and commercial ship. The main impetus for its creation was the emergence of constant transportation between Europe and the American colonies. The galleons were most famous as ships carrying Spanish treasures and in the battle of the Invincible Armada, which took place in 1588.
Dutch galleon early 17th century
Galleon "Neptune" in Genoa
Sloop
A rather vague term, originally denoting a sailing ship, inferior in size and armament to frigates.
Also, the word "sloop" is currently used to designate a type of sailing rig, for ships with one mast.
The Beagle sloop (center) in an 1841 watercolor by Owen Stanley on her third voyage off the coast of Australia.
USS Constellation (USA)
The Vostok sloop is a sailing sloop of war, the ship of the 1st Russian Antarctic round-the-world expedition of 1819-1821 under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen, who discovered Antarctica (the expedition also included the Mirny sloop).
Schooner
Schooners are called ships with slanting sails.
Two-masted topsail gaff schooner of the French fleet "Étoile" (Étoile)
Three-masted gaff schooner Linden, Mariehamn, Aland Islands.
Barque
(Dutch. bark) - a large sailing ship with straight sails on all masts, except for the stern (mizzen mast), which carries oblique sailing equipment.
In other words, all the masts of the bark, with the exception of the last one, have only yards from the transverse spar, while the last mast does not have yards.
The number of barque masts is three or more (two-masted sailboats of such armament are called brigantines).
"Pallada" is a three-masted training ship (a ship with full sailing equipment), owned by the Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University (Vladivostok).
Built in Poland at the Gdansk shipyard in 1989. The flag was raised on July 4, 1989.
Named after the frigate "Pallada" of the Russian Navy, which in 1852-1855 under the command of Captain I. S. Unkovsky made a voyage from Kronstadt through the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans to the coast of Japan. The writer I. A. Goncharov participated in this flight.
Bark "Gorkh Fok" (1948-2003 "Comrade"), built in 1933.
Kruzenshtern is a four-masted barque, a Russian training sailing vessel. It was built in 1925-1926 at the shipyard of J. Tecklenborg in Gestemünde near Bremerhaven (Germany), it was named Padua during the descent, in 1946 it became the property of the USSR through reparations and renamed in honor of the famous Russian navigator Admiral Ivan Fedorovich Krusenstern. The ship's home port is Kaliningrad. The ship made numerous transatlantic and round-the-world expeditions.
Kobenhavn (Dan. København, Copenhagen) is the last five-masted barque built in 1921 by the Scottish shipyard Ramage and Ferguson by order of the Danish East Asiatic Company after the First World War in Copenhagen.
Clipper
Sailing or sail-propeller ship, characterized by high speed.
"Cutty Sark" (Scots. Cutty Sark) is one of the most famous and the only tea clipper that has survived until the 21st century. It was built in 1869. Since the middle of the 20th century, it has been a museum ship and is in dry dock in Greenwich (UK).
The ship was seriously damaged during a fire on May 21, 2007. The reopening after restoration took place in April 2012.
Caravel
A type of sailing ship common in Europe, especially in Portugal and Spain, in the second half of the 15th - early 17th centuries. One of the first and most famous type of ships from which the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries began.
The image of a caravel is usually represented by a two- or three-masted ship with oblique Latin sailing weapons (caravel latina). Although caravels often used direct sailing weapons (redonda caravel).
Due to its poetic name, the Caravel is associated with all medieval ocean voyages and discoveries of new lands, thereby undeservedly replacing the more suitable for sea voyages and more common at that time carracks. Although caravels participated in ocean campaigns, this was at the initial stage of the Age of Discovery, during the first campaigns of the Portuguese along the West African coast. Later, caravels played a secondary role in squadrons consisting of caracques, including in the campaigns of Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan.
Two-masted latina caravel
Luger
Lugers are small three-masted ships of the first half of the 19th century, armed with 8–14 guns and intended for messenger service.
Three-masted lugger "Corentin" with folding bowsprit and boom
