Population of the city of Yakhroma. History of Yakhroma

Yakhroma is a city in the Moscow region, located on the river of the same name and the canal named after. Moscow, administratively part of the Dmitrovsky district.

There is a beautiful legend associated with ancient times, according to which the wife of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky was involved in the appearance of this word. Allegedly, while hunting with her husband, she took a bad step while crossing the river, after which she exclaimed, “I am lame.” However, speaking seriously, the toponym has Finnish roots and translated means “yakhr” - lake.

According to historical information, Finno-Ugric tribes have lived in these places since ancient times. Later in the 16th century, in the area of ​​the city, the border of Kamensky and Povelsky camps passed along the Yakhroma River. The history of modern Yakhroma dates back to the mid-19th century, when a cloth factory was built here in 1841. At first it belonged to the landowner Ponomarev, after whom the production changed owners several times until it was bought by I.A. Lyamin. From then until the October Revolution it belonged to this family. The new owners will make a huge contribution to the development of the local factory, quickly bringing it to the forefront in the country. According to historians, about 1.5 thousand people worked there. It was at the factory that the village appeared, which later became Yakhroma.

The Lyamin dynasty was well known in these places not only as owners of the enterprise, but also as patrons of the arts and benefactors. The founder of the family, Ivan Aleksandrovich, repurposed his own house as a shelter for elderly workers, built the Church of the Holy Trinity for them, and his wife paid for the construction of a prison church and a shelter for the seriously ill. Their son Sergei also distinguished himself by his generosity, sending 5 thousand rubles to a shelter for children who suffered during the tragedy on Khodynka.

In 1860, the settlement received a new name: Pokrovskaya manufactory, given in honor of the Church of the Intercession, located in the neighboring village of Andreevskoye. 20 years later, the Pokrovsk Manufactory Partnership was formed at the factory, which was engaged in the production of calico, molexin and calico from imported Transcaucasian, Iranian and even American cotton. At the end of the 19th century, the village turned into a large textile center, in which a hotel even appeared, which made it possible to begin work on the construction of the railway. In 1901, not far from the village, the Yakhroma station was created, which gave the city its real name.

Under Soviet rule, the village retained its textile specialization and continued to grow rapidly. By 1924, the Yakhroma volost already included 17 villages. Just before the war in 1941, the village acquired the status of a city, which included 9 settlements, the largest of which were:

• Peremilovo;
• Andreevskoe;
• Leonovo;
• Surovtsovo;
• Repairs;

During the Great Patriotic War, the famous Battle of Moscow took place in these places, during which a large-scale battle unfolded on the territory of the city. During the battle it changed hands seven times, but fascist troops still managed to penetrate the city. On the night of November 28, Yakhroma was captured by the enemy. In memory of this, there are two mass graves in the village, where 1,400 soldiers are buried.

But the Germans' stay in Yakhroma was short-lived. The counter-offensive near Moscow that began on December 7 made it possible to clear the city of fascists on the same day and create a springboard for a further attack towards Klin. In memory of the bloody battle, the famous front-line poet S. Gudzenko wrote the following line in his work “The Ballad of the Signalman”: “There was a terrible battle near Yakhroma.”

Nowadays, the factory, which has a history of more than a century, turned out to be unprofitable and was closed. Small industries are located on its squares, which do not at all reflect the historical memory with which these walls are imbued.

Yakhroma is a town near Moscow, located on the river of the same name and the Moscow canal. The name of the city comes from the Finnish word "jahr", which means "lake". Initially, there was a settlement of Finno-Ugric tribes here.

The history of modern Yakhroma begins in 1841, when a cloth factory was built on this territory. A workers' settlement was formed at this factory, which received city status in 1901. During the Second World War, a grandiose battle took place here, during which the city came into the possession of either the Germans or Soviet soldiers. Currently, the city is famous for its ski resorts and historical and religious monuments.

This is the first shrine built in the village of Peremilovo, which is now part of the city of Yakhroma. The church was built in the middle of the 16th century in honor of Archangel Michael. However, in the 40s of the next century, the temple underwent reconstruction and was consecrated in honor of the Ascension of the Lord.

In 1792, when Stepan Apraksin became the owner of the cathedral, the shrine was rebuilt again. Now it has become not wooden, but stone. The temple has the appearance of a four-pillar building with one dome, made in a classical style with pseudo-Gothic elements.

Location: Peremilovskaya street - 93.

The cathedral was built at the end of the 19th century with the money of the manufacturer from Moscow Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin. The construction of the shrine lasted about 3 years, and on the day of its opening, a sumptuous lunch was given to factory workers and local residents.

The temple made an indelible impression on everyone with its size, since it was designed for 4 thousand people, and the fact that, standing on a hill, it towered above all other city buildings. During the Soviet era, the church was closed and turned into a warehouse, and during the Second World War, a hospital was located in its basement. Since the 90s of the last century, the temple has been operating again, and a Sunday school has been opened there.

Location: Konyarova street.

Construction of the church began at the end of the 17th century, however, it was suspended due to the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte. After the end of the war, the construction of the shrine continued and lasted about 20 years. The church was built in a classical style from stone and brick, on top of which there is plaster.

During Soviet times, the church was looted and its clergy were shot. The temple reopened in the 90s of the last century, restoration work was carried out and is now open to parishioners.

Peremilovskaya Height is the place where during the Great Patriotic War fierce battles between Soviet soldiers and the Nazi invaders took place. In 1966, one of the most significant monuments to a Soviet soldier in the entire Moscow region was erected here.

The thirteen-meter sculpture, made of bronze, depicts the figure of a soldier who rushes to attack. In his left hand, raised above his head, he holds a machine gun. The monument is installed on a pedestal 15 m high. Poems dedicated to the battles in this territory are carved on the pedestal.

It is located on the Moscow Canal and is decorated with pilasters, columns and porticos. However, the main distinguishing feature of this attraction is its two towers, which were installed in the 30s of the last century.

These towers are topped with Santa Maria caravels made of bright red copper. "Santa Maria" is a ship that belonged to Christopher Columbus himself. During the Second World War the gateway was slightly damaged, however, it was later restored. These caravels are also depicted on the city's coat of arms.

This is a very popular sports and entertainment area in the Moscow region. The park is located in a picturesque area and is decorated in Alpine style. The infrastructure is highly developed here, there are restaurants and a hotel.

In the summer you can go cycling in the park, and in the winter you can go skiing. In addition, there are many modern attractions and a rich leisure program for visitors of all ages.

Thanks to its magnificent nature, the park has popularly acquired the name of Switzerland near Moscow. In the center of the park there is a mountain high 225 m, where 10 ski slopes are open, equipped for visitors with any level of training. There are also modern ski lifts and special elevators for young visitors to the resort. In addition, there is a playground for children. Thanks to modern equipment, snow cover remains here until April.

There are 15 slopes in the park, equipped for both avid skiers and beginners, a school of instructors and equipment rental are open. All paths are illuminated, so you can ride during the day and in the evening.

There are many cafes on the territory, and there are also houses for accommodation. In the summer, you can play golf, basketball, tennis, ride bicycles or ride ATVs here. There are special playgrounds for children.

Ancient history of the land and origin of the name

People began to settle on the banks of the Yakhroma River since ancient times; this is confirmed by the “Peremilovskoye Selishche” of the Slavs - the only archaeological monument discovered in these places and dating back to researchers of the 11th-12th centuries. Many of the local villages have a centuries-old history. Thus, the village of Peremilovo is mentioned in documents under the year 1544, mention of the village of Andreevskoye is contained in the Exchange Charter of 1566, Semeshki and Leonovo appear in the scribe books of the early 17th century, and the villages of Kovshino, Pochinki, Podolino, Surovtsovo - in documents of the early 18th century .

The name of the Yakhroma River, which later came to the city, according to one version, means “lake river” from the extinct Meryan language. According to another version, the river on which it is located received its name by chance: the Grand Duchess, who was visiting with the prince in these places, allegedly stumbled while getting out of the cart and cried out: “I am lame.”

In the 16th century, the border between Kamensky and Povelsky camps passed along the Yakhroma River in the area of ​​the current city.

Lyamina Factory

The predecessor of the modern city of Yakhroma was a village that grew up on the river of the same name around a cloth factory, one of the oldest in. The factory was founded in 1841 near the village of Surovtsovo by the landowner of the village of Adreevskoye Ponomarev. Having changed several owners over the next fifteen years, in 1856 the factory passed to the Moscow merchant of the 1st guild Nikolai Ivanovich Kaulin, who laid the foundation for paper weaving production. Two years later, in 1858, the factory, which by that time was called Andreevskaya, was bought by Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, a famous industrialist and public figure, founder (in 1866) of the Moscow Merchant Bank, Moscow mayor (1871-1873). I. A. Lyamin made this acquisition under the influence of his father-in-law, a major merchant of the 1st guild, Semyon Loginovich Lepeshkin.

Ivan Artemyevich gave his enterprise a new name - Pokrovskaya manufactory, after the name of the Intercession Church in the village of Andreevskoye. Lyamin acquired the production, which at that time was in the process of reconstruction and did not spare funds for its equipment, entrusting this matter to the director F. F. Boardman. Already by 1860, under the leadership of Boardman, a three-story spinning building was completed, an English steam engine was installed, and “Selfactor mule machines” were installed in the spinning workshop. In 1860, on 11,816 spinning spindles, the production of yarn amounted to 15,150 poods for a total amount of 195,448 rubles; 58,725 pieces of woolen fabric, calico and calico worth 338,999 rubles were produced. The factory employed 1,116 people.

Over the next ten years, an additional building was added to the main spinning building, English equipment powered by a second steam engine was purchased, a brick factory equipped with two kilns, two gas factories, a mechanical workshop, and a fire station were erected to service the production. The production buildings and part of the street were now illuminated by gas lamps. According to the assessment of the district zemstvo, in 1870 the total cost of buildings and equipment at I. A. Lyamin’s factory amounted to 425 thousand rubles.

In 1875, the “Paper Spinning and Weaving Factory of the Pokrovskaya Manufactory Partnership” was created, its owner, Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, became the chairman of the board, as well as the managing director of the enterprise. The factory produced calico, calico, and molexin from American, Turkmen, Transcaucasian, and Egyptian cotton. For finishing, the fabrics were sent to the Presnenskaya cotton-printing manufactory.

On the initiative of the owner, residential buildings are built for workers, a hospital is opened at the factory with a staff of paramedics and doctors, a kindergarten, a school, and later a college. The News of the Day newspaper wrote that at the Lyamin factory, the children of workers studied in schools at the factory, including craft schools, for free. The workers were confident in the future; even during periods of crisis, Ivan Artemyevich did not fire anyone or reduce wages.

On July 5, 1892, on the territory of modern Yakhroma, with a large crowd of people, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was solemnly founded. The construction of the temple, which was built at the expense of I. A. Lyamin and allocated several hundred thousand rubles for these purposes, was completed in 1895. Trinity Church became at that time the largest temple in Dmitrovsky district.

After the death of Ivan Artemyevich in 1894, management of the factory passed to his son and heir Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin, who began a large-scale reconstruction at the enterprise: new equipment was installed, a new boiler house building, and a power plant were built. In Yakhroma, Sergei Ivanovich launched extensive construction: a cinema was built for workers, two new bridges were erected, two barracks for 2,500 people, four houses for employees, a brick factory, a theater, a school, and in 1900, electric lighting was installed for the first time in the district. In addition, workers' wages were revised upward. A worker of average qualification now received about 20 rubles a month, this amount was comparable to the salary of a gymnasium teacher in the city of Dmitrov.

But due to the reforms of the new owner, a conflict arises with the director of the factory, Boardman. He was forced to leave Yakhroma and, offended by Sergei Ivanovich, began to create obstacles for him, blocking established markets for his products. Re-equipping the factory cost a lot of money, and the products sold poorly. The Board of the Partnership expressed complaints to the new management and decided to return F. F. Boardman to the post of director. Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin left the Pokrovskaya manufactory. Anticipating troubled times, Boardman curtailed construction and all social programs and introduced fines.

The director and manager of the manufactory becomes Sergei Ivanovich’s brother, Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin, who was one of the most active and authoritative members of the Moscow Duma, whose name was recorded in the Golden Book of the Russian Empire for 1905-1909.

In 1900, traffic on the Savelovskaya railway was opened, and the next year the Yakhroma railway station opened next to the village, after which the village received the same name.

After the death of Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin in 1911, his widow Elena Grigorievna, realizing that she could not cope with managing the factory and village economy, sold the factory to Prokhorov, her sister’s husband, a famous industrialist, philanthropist, head of the Prokhorov Manufactory Partnership, with whom the Lyamins had long collaborated .

The last industrial boom at the factory in pre-revolutionary times took place in 1910-1913, when it employed about 6 thousand people. In 1914, the volume of finished products exceeded 290 thousand pounds.

After the October Revolution

After the revolution, the factory in Yakhroma was nationalized. In the summer of 1918, a new administration was appointed to the enterprise, which included L.N. Zagarin, I.A. Klyatov, F.I. Komkov, K. Mashechkin and others. In 1921, machines and machines began to work at the factory again, much of the credit for this belonged to the first Red director Klyatov.

In 1922, the first pioneer detachment appeared at school No. 1 of the village, Evgenia Vasilievna Minina became its leader. In 1923, he gave a lecture on the international situation at the Yakhroma club. N.A. Semashko and others visited the village at different times. Yakhroma was famous for its developed physical education movement and its athletes.

In 1924, the population of the village reached 6,700 people, and by 1926 it exceeded 8 thousand people. In 1928, the factory village of Yakhroma received the status of a workers' village. In 1929, a new nine-year school was opened and a bakery was built. In 1930, the villages of Krasny (of 17 residential buildings), Stakhanovsky (of 3 houses) and Gorny were built.

In 1931, a resolution was issued by the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal named after. Construction in these places took place from 1932 to 1937. by prisoners stationed in camps along the entire length of the canal. The labor army of Dmitlag consisted of 700 thousand prisoners of the Canal Army. On April 17, 1937, the Moscow-Volga Canal was filled with water, and on July 15, the first permanent navigation along the canal, renamed in 1947 as the Canal named after. Moscow.

During the Great Patriotic War

In May 1941, the Yakhroma floodplain was declared a “people's construction site”; extensive work began on the development of the floodplain, but it was interrupted by the war.

On June 25, the City Party Committee decided to switch to organizing work under wartime conditions. In August - November, construction of defensive structures began. In October, it was subjected to the first German air raids, and the first civilian casualties occurred. A decision is made to evacuate institutions and enterprises in the Dmitrovsky district and the city of Yakhroma.

In November - December, in the Yakhroma region there were bloody battles with the fascist invaders who were trying to bypass from the north. In the Dmitrov direction the enemy was advancing with two tank, two infantry and one motorized divisions. On the night of November 27-28, 1941, the advanced units of the 7th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht captured Yakhroma at the cost of heavy losses and crossed to the eastern bank of the canal. The 29th and 50th rifle brigades of the 1st Shock Army fought fierce battles to liberate the Peremilov Heights from the Nazis. On November 29, in order to block the path of German troops to a further offensive, bridges and hydraulic structures of the canal in Yakhroma, Dmitrov and.

Yakhroma was under occupation for only 9 days. Already on December 6, a general counteroffensive of units of the 1st Shock Army began and on December 7, 1941, the city was liberated from the fascist invaders, becoming the first city in the USSR liberated from the Germans.

From January to June 1942, work was carried out to restore road bridges across the canal in Yakhroma and Dmitrov, as well as the railway bridge in Dedenev. Production at the spinning and weaving factory was partially restored. In 1943, for high performance in delivering bread, vegetables and potatoes to the front, the Dmitrovsky district was awarded the Challenge Red Banner of the State Defense Committee. Three residents of Yakhroma became Heroes of the Soviet Union: Pyotr Khudov, Konstantin Kiryanov and Nikolai Rogov.

Post-war period and modern times

In 1945, large-scale restoration work was launched in the city: the buildings of the spinning and weaving factory were actually rebuilt, major repairs were made to the Moskovskaya, Vodyana, 1st and 2nd Pochinkovskaya barracks, three kindergartens were restored, and the work of waterworks was established.

In 1946, the stadium was rebuilt in Yakhroma, and at the same time the newspaper “Yakhroma Textile Worker” began to be published. In 1947, a school for working youth was opened. The factory apprenticeship school was restored. In 1951, a swimming pool was built at the stadium.

In 1952, the Yakhromskaya factory was completely restored. A pasta workshop was opened in the Trinity Cathedral. On August 2, 1954, by a special Decree, the Yakhroma Spinning and Weaving Factory was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In 1955, school No. 2 was commissioned in the city, and P.K. Kuznetsova became its first director. In 1956, a new House of Culture was erected on the site of the club destroyed during the war.

In 1961, the Yakhroma Sports Museum was opened, with N.F. Komkov becoming its director. In 1963, a new school building No. 3 was commissioned. In 1965, a new clinic opened, and V.I. Remnev was appointed its chief physician. In 1966, as part of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of German troops near Moscow, monuments were opened in the city of Yakhroma: the ZIS-5 cannon (December 3), the monument to the defenders of Moscow on Peremilovskaya Heights and the Obelisk to the fallen Yakhroma residents (December 6). In 1969, a reinforced concrete bridge was built across the Yakhroma River.

In 1981, 22 large-panel 60-apartment buildings on Lenin Street and 8 residential buildings on Bolshevistskaya Street were commissioned. Construction of the Left Bank microdistrict has begun.

In 1992, a therapeutic department was opened in the city hospital. In 1995, services were resumed in the Trinity Cathedral. In the same year, on October 5, eight-year school No. 1 received a new building on the Left Bank. In 1997, the Volen sports park opened for city residents.

On October 29, 2001, Yakhromsky residents celebrated the 160th anniversary of the factory, transformed into JSC Yakhromsky Textiles. In 2006, the newspaper “Yakhromskie Vesti” began to be published. In 2007, the completely renovated Yakhroma House of Culture celebrated its 50th anniversary. In 2008, large-scale landscaping work was carried out in the city: the central park and children's playground were restored, roads and sidewalks were repaired, children's playgrounds were built, and the surrounding areas and entrances of houses were put in order.

In 2008, the great-grandson of the manufacturer Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, to whom the city owes its creation, visited Yakhroma - Ivan Ivanovich Lyamin and his wife Louise, currently living in France.

Located on the banks of the Moscow Canal, 55 kilometers from the capital of Russia. The area of ​​the settlement is 17 square kilometers.

General data and historical facts

In 1841, a factory village was founded on the site of the modern city. In 1901, a railway station was built near the settlement, which became the transport hub of the Savelovskaya Railway.

In the 1930s, the Moscow-Volga Canal named after them was laid near the village. Stalin. The construction of this canal was carried out by prisoners from the Moscow region.

In the spring of 1937, the Moscow-Volga canal was completely filled with water. In the fall of 1940, the workers' settlement received city status.

From November to December 1941 the city was under occupation by German forces. In the post-war years, a spinning and weaving factory, three kindergartens, a school for working youth, factory apprenticeships and a swimming pool were rebuilt in Yakhroma.

In the 1960s, the construction of residential buildings and social and administrative facilities actively developed in the settlement. In the 1990s, the Trinity Cathedral and the Volen sports park were opened.

In 2008, landscaping work was carried out in Yakhroma: they cleaned up the children's playground and the central park, installed children's and sports grounds in local areas, and renewed the asphalt surface of most of the city's streets.

Industrial enterprises of the city: CJSC "Yakhroma Bread Factory", LLC "Yakhroma Paper Mill", LLC "Dmitrovsky Scaffolding Plant", LLC PO "Carton and Container Plant", LLC "FES PRODUCT".

The telephone code of Yakhroma is 49622. Postal code is 141840.

Climate and weather

Yakhroma has a temperate continental climate. Winters are moderately cold and long.

Summer is warm and short. The warmest month is July - average temperature is +19 degrees. The coldest month is February - average temperature is -6.5 degrees.

The average annual precipitation is 745 mm.

Total population of Yakhroma for 2018-2019

Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents for 2018 is 14.3 thousand people.

The data from the graph shows a slight increase in population from 13,100 people in 2006 to 14,275 people in 2018.

As of January 2018, Yakhroma ranked 810th out of 1,114 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.

Attractions

1.Trinity Cathedral- this Orthodox complex was built in 1895 with the money of I. A. Lyamin. In 1908, a four-tier bell tower was built near the cathedral.

2.Ascension Church- The Orthodox church was built in 1792. The church is made in the style of classicism and pseudo-gothic.

3.Monument to the Soviet soldier- this monument was erected on Peremilovskaya Heights at the end of 1966. The monument is represented by a sculpture of a Soviet soldier on a high pedestal.

4.Gateway No. 3- this technical structure lowers or raises ships by 8 meters. In the fall of 1941, during the advance of German troops, two gateway towers were destroyed. A year later the structures were restored.

Transport

In Yakhroma there is a railway station of the same name, which connects the city with

Just some 5 kilometers from Dmitrov, on a hilly area along the banks of the Moscow Canal, lies the small town of Yakhroma, which arose about 170 years ago from a small settlement at a cloth factory - the Pokrovskaya Manufactory, later famous throughout Russia. You can get from Dmitrov to Yakhroma by bus or minibus in a few minutes, and from Moscow the route is on rubber wheels along Dmitrovskoe Highway - or by train from Savyolovsky station in an hour and a quarter.

At the end of May, I visited this small town for walking and photographic purposes, the results of which I present to your attention - and you, dear readers, decide for yourself whether Yakhroma is worth your visit or not. By the way, this year Yakhroma turned 70 years old, since it was transformed from a working-class village into a city in 1940, just before the war.

So, at the very entrance to the city from the side of Dmitrov, one immediately notices the monument on the mass grave “To the Heroes who fell in the fight for the Motherland,” or more precisely, to the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army who stood to their death on the near approaches to Moscow in the fall of 1941.

By the way, two years ago the mass grave was “renovated”. Previously, a beautiful spruce grew there, planted when the monument was laid. Why it was uprooted is difficult to understand.

As you know, in the menacing days of late November - early December 1941, there were fierce battles between Soviet troops and Nazi troops rushing towards Moscow. On November 28, the advanced units of the 7th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht, operating in the Dmitrov direction, using numerical superiority in manpower and equipment, captured Yakhroma, crossed the Canal. Moscow opposite the city and entrenched on its eastern bank.

The Nazis tried to expand the bridgehead, but the explosion on November 29 of bridges and canal hydraulic structures in Dmitrov, Yakhroma and Dedenev blocked the path to further advance of German troops. A few days later, soldiers of the 1st Shock Army under the command of General Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov, without waiting for all their units to arrive, on December 2 threw the Nazis back across the canal and attacked them from the south. As a result of five days of fierce fighting, the city was liberated on December 7 (after being occupied for only 10 days), and the Yakhroma operation became a turning point in the subsequent famous counter-offensive near Moscow.

A few tens of meters behind the monument, in a small but cozy and shady park, is the Yakhroma House of Culture.

The House of Culture was built in 1957, shortly after the end of the era of the mustachioed Leader with a pipe - but still in the then popular Stalinist Empire style. 50 years later, in 2007, a major renovation of the building was carried out, as a result of which no one was harmed; this center of culture looks pretty decent.

Finally, after walking another couple of hundred meters, we find ourselves on the main “front” square of Yakhroma. It is not at all surprising whose name it is named after:

Among the attractions of this square are the following:

Monument to a Typical Working Guy holding some paper in his hands.

Upon closer examination, it turned out that the important document that the representative of the Komsomol working class was presenting to passersby was the “Law on Peace.” Moreover, pay attention to the fact that the brave messenger is holding the document in his left hand, since his right hand has lost at least one finger - apparently, in the battles for this very world

Not far from the Messenger of Peace, the only fountain in the city throws out its cool jets, and children run nearby and relax on the benches of their mother (and sometimes father)

On the other side of the square there is an old building that now houses the city administration, as well as the Pyaterochka supermarket. At the left end, under a small canopy, there is a post office.

On the notice board next to the entrance to Pyaterochka you can find such notices, reflecting the boundless humor of the Russian people

Behind this fence lies the main city-forming enterprise of the city - the former Yakhroma manufactory, whose tall chimney is visible both from here and from almost anywhere in the city. Our further passage is blocked by a formidable barrier, but there are always bypass paths, right?

Photo gratefully borrowed from a friend yarowind

Thus, if you go around the “Honey” restaurant on the right, then along the path we go around several buildings and through a hole we enter the territory of the “Yakhroma Textiles” factory. I don’t know if the weavers are active now (I didn’t see any particular revival inside), but more than a hundred years ago it was a powerful enterprise...

The foundation and subsequent prosperity of the Yakhroma textile manufactory is entirely connected with the merchant family of Lyamin manufacturers, whose names were mentioned in the ranks of the Moscow merchants already at the end of the 18th century. The most famous representative of the family was Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin (1822-1894) - an outstanding financier and industrialist, founder of the Moscow Merchants Bank, a remarkable public figure, philanthropist and philanthropist.

Lyamin bought the Andreevskaya paper spinning and weaving manufactory in 1858. Based on the name of the church in the village of Andreevskoye - Intercession of the Mother of God - Ivan Artemyevich named his enterprise Pokrovskaya manufactory. The young industrialist spared no expense on first-class equipment for those times: a three-story spinning building was built, an English steam engine and “Selfactor mule machines” were installed for spinning production.

During the first decade of the “Lyamin rule,” on the initiative of the factory owner, residential buildings were built for its workers, a hospital with a whole staff of doctors and paramedics, a kindergarten, a well-equipped school, and later a vocational school were opened at the factory.

For the same factory workers, already under Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin, the son and heir of Ivan Artemyevich, a cinematograph for cinematic sessions was even built, and a power plant was built.

According to the newspaper "News of the Day", at the Lyaminsky manufactory, all children of workers had the opportunity to study for free in schools at the factory (one of them was a craft school). The factory workers had a sense of security: they were confident that they would not be fired, no matter what turmoil occurred in the Russian market; in difficult times of crisis, Ivan Artemyevich ordered people to work “in the warehouse” and, without firing anyone, did not reduce wages.

By the way, in 1871-1873, Ivan Artemyevich was the Moscow mayor (that is, in modern terms, the mayor of Moscow), and for 30 years until his death, he was a member (deputy) of the Moscow City Duma. In addition, he served as headman of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Pyzhi on Bolshaya Ordynka. And in 1875, for his outstanding public activities, Ivan Artemyevich received the rank of full state councilor.

I.A. Lyamin with his wife and children. By the way, it was at the expense of Elizaveta Semyonovna Lyamina (then already a widow), in 1898, that the beautiful Church of St. Elizabeth was built in Dmitrov, which I already talked about earlier - during

After the death of Ivan Artemyevich, management of the factory was taken over by his son, Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin, a hereditary honorary citizen, member of the Moscow City Duma (1889-1904 and 1905-1908).

Sergei Ivanovich launched extensive construction in Yakhroma: two barracks for 2,500 people, four houses for employees, two new bridges, a new brick factory, a school, a theater are being built... The first electric light bulbs in the Dmitrov district lit up in the buildings and administrative buildings of the factory in 1900- m year, thanks to the efforts of their owners, who invited the well-known company Ericsson for electrical equipment.

An old narrow-gauge railway approaching the factory gates, along which nothing has been transported for a long time...

Prices were also revised towards the maximum - workers' wages increased. A worker of average qualification received about 20 rubles a month - an amount comparable to the pay of a teacher in a gymnasium in the city of Dmitrov.

However, threatening times were already approaching for merchants and manufacturers...

In 1911, apparently anticipating the coming difficult and tragic times, the Lyamins sold the factory to the famous industrialist and philanthropist Prokhorov, head of the Prokhorov Manufactory Partnership, with whom the Lyamins had long had business cooperation. This ended the “Lyamin period” in the history of the Pokrovskaya manufactory.

After the revolution of 1917, the descendants of the Lyamin family were mainly forced to emigrate (in 2008, the great-grandson of Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, Ivan Ivanovich Lyamin, and his wife Louise, who currently live in France, visited Yakhroma), and the Pokrovskaya manufactory still exists , however, it is now oh so far from the scale of a century ago...

So, after wandering around inside the factory a little, let’s return to Kuznetsov Square.
In its center stands another military obelisk.

This memorial is dedicated to the memory of the residents of Yakhroma who went to war and did not return from it...

Another place for recreation for residents of Yahrom with small children is the Children's Park, adjacent to Kuznetsov Square - behind a cozy wooden fence on a specially designated area there are many houses, swings and carousels, on which little people happily climb

And next to it is a nice flower shop “Romashka”...

And hardworking gnome gardeners

In the mornings they squint in the sun's rays, and at night they admire the starry sky

Even though it’s a city, the surroundings at the entrances are quite homely

Yakhroma masterpieces

Modern school on the outskirts

Another monument to the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army who liberated the city from a short-term occupation - this time to the valiant artillerymen. The ZIS-5 gun was installed on December 3, 1966, during the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow.

The mosaic end of the house, glorifying the work of Yakhroma weavers, was apparently also quite tattered in the turbulent 90s, as a result of which part of the panel disappeared into space or was expropriated by local craftsmen

Another semi-abandoned red brick object was discovered by me at the back of the Yakhroma bakery. This is a former barracks for workers who were resettled at the turn of the 90s, and since then the building has gaped with empty window sockets and is slowly collapsing. Curiosity, of course, prompted me to go inside.