Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ. Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅
Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ - ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ - ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ. Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² - ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ, Π Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°, ΠΠΎΡΡ Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² 1991 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½. ΠΡ ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. Π ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ,Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅,Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°-Π½Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ . ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ - ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ.Π¦Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ - Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅, Π° Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°,Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π²ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ IV. ΠΠ° Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π§Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π» Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°,ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡ Ρ. Π ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ²Π°. Π Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΅Π»Ρ,ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅Π΅ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (Westminster Abbey) Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ: ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ» Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ, ΠΈ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² 1065 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ» ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄, Π² ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ 1066 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°Π·Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΈΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π² Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΡΠΎ. Π’ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½. Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅-Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ III, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π Π΅Π½Π°, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π£Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Ρ Π§ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π‘ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, Π’Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ β ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² Π£Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΠΈΡΡΡ, Π¨Π΅Π»Π»ΠΈ, ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠΌΡΡ, Π’.Π‘. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΡ, ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Ρ Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅.
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ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (pIqaD) Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π»Π±Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π°Π½Ρ Π±Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ³Π±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Π°Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ°ΠΈΡΠΈ) ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠ»Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (pIqaD) Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π»Π±Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π°Π½Ρ Π±Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ³Π±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΉΠΎΡΡΠ±Π° ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Π°Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ°ΠΈΡΠΈ) ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠ»Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°Π±ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ: Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ:
Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square is one of the most significant landmarks in London. This square many revolts, remembers the rallies organized by the British. And in our time, this is the place for demonstrations and protests.
Interesting to build the square. From the North it is a low building of the National Gallery, Γ’vlûÒΕejsΓ’ the main art gallery in the UK. Among its exhibits are paintings by Raphael, Rembrandt, Bosch. Also in 1991, the collection includes the most famous paintings of the Italian Renaissance. Located close to the Portrait Gallery, contains a collection of portraits of the most famous residents of the UK, from antiquity to the present time. Entrance to the Gallery is free. In the northern part of the area, a little to the East,be St Martin-in-the fields. The name came from the location of the less-before she stood among fields.
With the advent of the Trafalgar Square Church has graced the this place.St Martin"s Church has a rich history-during the second world war there was a bomb shelter, and currently there is a small cafΓ©, attractive for visitors to
In the corners of the square, you can see four of the pedestal on which the statue of famous Britons set was planned. One of the pedestals for the monument itself was bought out by King George IV. The other two installed sculptures warlords. The fourth podium so far were no busier.
On pΓ’tidesΓ’timetrovaΓ’ square is Nelson"s column, with the statue of Nelson at the top. There are four massive lion. In winter the area is huge Christmas tree each year is obtained by the British from Norway in gratitude for the liberation from fascism.
Westminster Abbey
With their identical square towers and arches is an ancient English Westminster (Westminster Abbey) in Gothic style is one of the greatest examples of Church architecture. But for the English, it is much more: it is the sanctuary of the nation, a symbol of all that have fought and are fighting the Brits, and here is the place where she was crowned most of the rulers of the country, many of them are buried here. Almost every known historical figure associated with Westminster Abbey. Edward the Confessor founded Benektinskoe Abbey in 1065, at this place, with Parliament. Presumably, the first English King, who was crowned here was Harold, in January 1066. Had it at the battle of Hastings William the Conqueror was crowned here in the same year, and the first entry in the Abbey had witnessed it. Coronation traditions have survived to the present time. Early English Gothic structure of the building of the Abbey increasingly obliged to Henry III, than any other rulers, although many architects, including Wren, have contributed to the appearance of the Abbey. Poets Corner lie the remains of Chaucer, Samuel Johnson, Tennyson, Browning, Dickens and many other famous writers and poets. Here is buried, even American-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. In addition, in the Area there are many monuments of Poets: Milton, Kitts, Shelley, Henry James, T.s. Γliotu, George Γliotu and others. Most art is the bust of William Blake"s work by Sir Jacob Epstein. Among recent commemorative plaques can be found plaques, dedicated to poet Dylan Thomas and Lord Lawrence Olivier.
Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ
Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ - ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ - ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ. Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² - ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ, Π Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°, ΠΠΎΡΡ Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² 1991 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½. ΠΡ ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. Π ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ,Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅,Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°-Π½Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡ . ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ - ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ.
Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ.Π¦Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π‘Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ - Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅, Π° Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
Π ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°,Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π²ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ³ IV. ΠΠ° Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π§Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π» Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡ.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°,ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡ Ρ. Π ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ²Π°. Π Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΅Π»Ρ,ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
Π‘ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅Π΅ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (Westminster Abbey) Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ: ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ» Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ, ΠΈ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΠ±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² 1065 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ» ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΄, Π² ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ 1066 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°Π·Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΈΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π² Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΡΠΎ. Π’ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½. Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅-Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ III, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π Π΅Π½Π°, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ Π°Π±Π±Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π£Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Ρ Π§ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π‘ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, Π’Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ β ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² Π£Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΠΈΡΡΡ, Π¨Π΅Π»Π»ΠΈ, ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠΌΡΡ, Π’.Π‘. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΡ, ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Ρ Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅.
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅..
Trafalgar square
Trafalgar Square - one of the most significant tourist attractions in London. This square will recall many riots, rallies, organized by British people.And in our time, this is the place for demonstrations and protests. The structure of the LORD it is interesting to the square. From the north to the it is low building national gallery, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΡ main museums gallery Great Britain.Among its exhibits, paintings of Raphael, Rembrandt, poetic skills. Also in 1991, the composition of the collection included tones Italian Renaissance paintings. Close to be portrait gallery,Containing the portraits the most well-known of the inhabitants of Great Britain, from antiquity and up to our times. Entrance to these galleries free. In the northern part of the for,a little further east,Be the church of St. Martin in the fields. The name of location ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ - previously she stood among fields.lord Trafalgar square with the advent church well Vladimir Kozhin this place.The Church of St. Martin has a rich history - during the second world war there is positioned about, and currently there is a small cafe that is attractive to visitors.
In the four corners area you can see four pedestal,in which it was planned to install the statue illustrious British understatement. One of the ten lanes for installation monument itself moment king George IV.The other two have installed sculptures military commanders. The fourth pedestal so far is not busy.lord also on the square is located ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Tower Nelson,the statue Nelson on top.Next to four massive lion. In winter, the area is enormous in size consumer spruce,each year received by British people from Norway as a token of our appreciation for the liberation from fascism.
Westminster Abbey more multitasking performance
With their same square towers and luxury arches this ancient english Westminster Abbey (Westminster Abbey) in the Gothic style is one of the greatest examples church architecture.But for British it is much more: it is the sanctuary, the symbol for the British have fought and are fighting, and here is the place, where a large part of the mysterious kingdom rulers of countries,Many of whom are buried here. Almost every known historical figure is linked to the Westminster Abbey. Eduard tram." ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ abbey was founded in 1065, at the new location,With a view of the Parliament Square. Presumably, the first English king, son Voishalk continued here, Harold, in January 1066.Π Π°Π·Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΈ his in the battle at Hastings William son Voishalk continued here in the same year, and the first entry in the abbey has witnessed this. Water color was supposed traditions have survived to our times.And deserted English Gothic abbey building structure in more obliged Henry III, than in any other rulers, although many architects, including wrens, made their contribution to the surrounding abbey.Corner poets rests ashes Π§ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Samuel Johnson, Π’Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Π°, a Browning handgun, Dickens and many other famous writers and poets. Here buried even American - Henry ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ later on, we. In addition,In poets corner is a multitude of monuments: ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Kitts, Shelley, Henry James, etc. with. Knocks, George knocks and other. The most artistic is a bust of William Blake sir Jacob particular.Among later memorial boards you can find decals, on Babur"s Dizzee Rascal has numerous rivals Thomas and Lord LourenΓ§o Olivier.
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅..
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Trafalgar Square, set in central London, is one of Britain"s great tourist attractions. A visit to the capital would be incomplete without going to marvel at Nelsons Column and the four giant lions at its base, or to admire the lovely splashing fountains and to feed the pigeons, who have made their home here. Built to commemorate Admiral Nelson, the square was named after the Spanish Cape Trafalgar where his last battle was won.
It was John Nash, who designed the first layout of the square in the 1820"s. Although he didn"t live to see its completion, his Neo-classical design was adhered to, achieving the unified effect of the beautiful buildings we admire today. Building of the square began in 1829 and was still being developed into the 1840"s.
The National Gallery occupies the north side of the square. In the stone under the balustrade, you can see the Imperial Standards of Length (1 foot, 2 feet, 1 yard etc.).
On the east side is South Africa House, with African animals featured on the stone arches. Sir Robert Smirke, who designed The British Museum, also created Canada House, on the west side. Now open to the public, Canada House is worth a visit to enjoy the original classical interior, and to see the interesting changing exhibitions on view. Visiting Canadians may be interested to know that they can read the Canadian newspapers, browse on line, or send and receive emails in Canada House.
The chartists assembled in Trafalgar Square in 1848 and since then, it has been a favourite meeting place for demonstrators and marchers, trying to gain attention for their cause.
Each year in December, the people of Norway send a gift of an enormous Christmas Tree to Britain, which is erected in Trafalgar Square. This is in thanks for Britain"s part in their liberation during the second world war. One of the unforgettable sights of London is to see the giant tree after dark, when it is lit by hundreds of twinkling fairy lights, carol singers grouped around, while floodlights illuminate the sparkling water in the fountains of the square. This picture is depicted on many Christmas cards, sent all over the world each year.
The equestrian statue of Charles I at the south end of the square is noteworthy, as being the original site of Charing Cross. This is the spot from which all "distances from London" are measured. Edward I erected a cross here in 1290, the last of twelve marking the resting places of the funeral cortege of his wife Eleanor as it made its way from Nottinghamshire to Westminster Abbey. The cross remained on this spot, until its removal during the civil war in the mid 17th century. A replica was placed in the forecourt to Charing Cross Station two centuries later.
Surrounding Nelson are statues of other distinguished men. On either side, are the bronze statues of Sir Henry Havelock and Sir Charles James Napier both Victorian major generals. Fronting the north wall are busts of Beatty, Jellicoe and Cunningham all famous military leaders. In the north east corner, is a statue of George IV on horseback, commissioned by him, while in the opposite corner the pedestal does not yet have a permanent statue.
Π ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ
ΠΠΈΠ³ ΠΠ΅Π½ (The Big Ben)
β ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎ, Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ , Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°:
Delight the eye | Π Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π· |
Be named after | ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ |
The most famous | Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ |
Amazing | Π£Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ |
Masterpiece | Π¨Π΅Π΄Π΅Π²Ρ |
Impressive clock | ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ |
Clock tower | Π§Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π±Π°ΡΠ½Ρ |
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠΈΠ³ ΠΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅:
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Is Trafalgar Square. Itβs a place where the three Westminsterβs streets: Strand, Whitehall and Mall meet. Itβs a traditional place for meetings, demonstrations, other gatherings and mass events holding. The main countryβs Christmas tree imported from Norway is set there annually. Norway presents Britain with a tree to thank for liberation from the Nazis.
It was named so by George Taylor in commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar that took place in 1805. In the centre of the square the Nelsonβs Column, surrounded with fountains, is situated. Horatio Nelson was a commander admiral at that historical naval battle who died defeating Napoleon. His statue erected in 1843 is about 200 feet high and has 4 sculpted lions on its basement (added later on).
There are 4 plinths in every corner of Trafalgar Square with statues of George IV, Charles Napier, and Henry Havelock. The northwest plinth also known as the fourth plinth remained empty for 150 years. There should have been an equestrian statue of King William IV. Though, due to the lack of money the project wasnβt completed. Recently it has been decided to place there modern art installations that should be changed every 2 years. Since 2013 there is an ultramarine blue statue of Hahn/Cock.
The National Gallery of London is also situated on the north side of the square. It was completed in 1843. Its collection is compiled of the masterpieces of famous artists: Rafael, Rembrandt, Titian, Hogarth, Michelangelo, Rubens, Renoir and other. The National Portrait Gallery is a world-renowned gallery that has in its disposal the portraits of outstanding British people since Tudor times till nowadays. The portraits are arranged thematically and must depict people who have been dead at least for ten years.
And South Africa houses as well as Admiralty Arch and St. Martin-in-the-Fieldsβ church are other prominent places of visit located nearby. The style of the last one had been copied by various architects for building churches, especially in the USA.
If a tourist experiences some troubles, he can ask for the help the heritage wardens which are present in the square around the clock. They provide with the appropriate answers and may give some pieces of advice as for the nearby attractions.
Till the recent time the doves were a special attraction of the place. There could be up to 35 thousand pigeons on the square simultaneously. Partially it was because of the tourists who fed birds. In fact, that made a great problem as the city administration spent 160 thousand dollars for cleaning the streets and monuments from the bird droppings every year. In 2007 the feeding pigeons was strictly prohibited that led to the decreasing of the birds number.
ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΎ: Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° - ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½, 2012. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅.
Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ 44 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°. Π§Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² 1840-1843 Π³Π³., ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ - ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ.Trafalgar Square is a public space and tourist attraction in central London, built around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. It is in the borough of the City of Westminster. At its centre is Nelson"s Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base. There are a number of statues and sculptures in the square, with one plinth displaying changing pieces of contemporary art. The square is also used for political demonstrations and community gatherings, such as the celebration of New Year"s Eve. The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars over France. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth"s Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square".
Nelsonβs Column had been planned independently of Barryβs work. In 1838 a Nelson Memorial Committee had approached the government, proposing that a monument to the victor of Trafalgar, funded by public subscription, should be erected in the square, and the government had provisionally agreed. A competition was held, the winning design, by the architect William Railton, being for a Corinthian column topped by a statue of Nelson, with an overall height of more than 200 feet, guarded by four sculpted lions. The design was approved, with the proviso that the overall height should be reduced to 170 feet, and construction began in 1840. The main construction of the column was completed, and the statue raised, in November 1843. However, the last of bronze reliefs on the pedestal of the column was not installed until May 1854, and The four lions, although part of the original design, were only added in 1867.